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The end of the monarchy in Russia
In Russia, the February Revolution of 1917 ended a dynasty with a 300-year-old tradition. Nicholas II, Tsar of Russia since 1894, was forced to abdicate after the outbreak of popular uprisings in Petrograd. Crowned in 1894, Nicholas proved to be an inefficient and...
Stallupönen, the first battle on the Eastern Front
The Battle of Stallupönen was the first military action on the Eastern Front during the First World War. The First Russian Army, led by General Paul von Rennenkampf, met on the battlefield the First Corps of the Eighth German Army, led by Hermann von Francois. It was...
The Polar Bear Expedition. The United States on the Eastern Front
Despite their rivalry, the United States and the Soviet Union have only met once in direct battle. US and Soviet troops clashed during the Russian civil war that followed the First World War, when the US decided to intervene alongside other Western states to defend...
Latvian independence and civil war
Latvian independence was proclaimed on November 18, 1918, but its real advent came only in 1920 after the cessation of hostilities between pro- and anti-Bolshevik forces and the withdrawal of all foreign armies from Latvian territory. The peace treaty signed with...
Romania enters the First World War
August 27, 1916. It was three o’clock in the afternoon. Traffic ceased along the border with Austria-Hungary as the roads that led to the frontier were being blocked off one by one from the Romanian side. The Austro-Hungarian border guards were rushing to report:...