In 1918 the United States entered the Russian Civil War on the side of the so-called “Whites,” anti-Bolshevik counterrevolutionaries. This essay explores the decision to intervene at Murmansk and then Archangel, the U.S. Navy’s role in the operations, and the ultimate...
American troops arrived on the western front in 1918 full of enthusiasm, and in the spirit of great adventure. Yet most of them were novices who, unlike their German counterparts, had seen practically no action. Determined to teach them this was no game, the Germans...
After three years of neutrality, the US was at war. At the beginning of 1917, Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare. This fact, combined with the indignation of the US public who had found out about the Zimmermann Telegram, led to a break in diplomatic...